Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD): A Solution For Cleaner Air

Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD)

In the pursuit of a cleaner and healthier environment, industries around the world are increasingly focusing on reducing their emissions and minimizing their impact on air quality. One of the key challenges faced by many industries, particularly those reliant on fossil fuels, is the emission of sulfur dioxide (SO2) during the combustion process. However, with the advent of Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) technologies, significant progress has been made in mitigating the harmful effects of SO2 emissions. This article delves into the concept of FGD, its various techniques, and its crucial role in ensuring cleaner air for all.

 

Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) commonly referred to as FGD, is a set of technologies and processes designed to remove sulfur dioxide from the flue gas produced by power plants, industrial boilers, and other facilities that burn fossil fuels. Sulfur dioxide is a highly reactive and toxic gas that is primarily released during the combustion of sulfur-containing fuels, such as coal and oil. When released into the atmosphere, it can lead to acid rain, respiratory issues, and environmental degradation.

 

With growing environmental concerns and stricter regulations, industries have recognized the urgency to reduce their SO2 emissions. FGD systems offer an effective solution by capturing and removing a significant portion of the sulfur dioxide before it is released into the atmosphere. By doing so, these systems help reduce the harmful impacts of SO2 emissions on both human health and the environment.

 

Several Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) techniques have been developed and implemented over the years, each with its own advantages and limitations. The choice of technique depends on various factors, including the specific industry, the scale of operations, and the composition of flue gas. Some commonly used FGD techniques include:

 

Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization (WFGD): This technique involves spraying a limestone or lime slurry into the flue gas, causing a chemical reaction that converts the sulfur dioxide into calcium sulfite or calcium sulfate. The byproduct, known as "scrubber sludge," can be further processed and disposed of safely. WFGD is widely used due to its high efficiency in removing SO2 and its ability to handle large volumes of flue gas.

 

Dry Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD): Unlike WFGD, DFGD does not involve the use of liquid reagents. Instead, a dry sorbent, such as hydrated lime or sodium bicarbonate, is injected into the flue gas stream. The sorbent reacts with sulfur dioxide to form solid byproducts, which are collected using particulate control devices. DFGD is suitable for applications with lower gas flow rates and lower sulfur dioxide concentrations.